Ayurveda as Unique & Independent Darshana (Philosophical Individuality of Ayurveda)
- The science of life or Ayu is known as Ayurveda.
- It is the Upaveda of Atharva veda.
- Following are the basic principles of Ayurved which prove the Ayurveda as an independent Darshana:
- Theory of Pancha Mahabhuta: (CS.Sha.5)
1) Pruthvi
2) Aap
3) Teja
4) Vayu
5) Akasha
These Pancha Mahabhutas are responsible for the production of different components of Srushti and Sharira, hence Kshaya or Vruddhi of any component can be compensated from components of Srushti in form of Ahara or Aushada.
- Tridosha :
1) Vata, 2) Pitta and 3) Kapha are the Tridosha.
These are the functional units of body like Air, Sun and Moon in nature. (Su.Su.21). - Sapta-Dhatu :
- There are the 7 Dhatus (structural units of body), useful for Dharan (Structural form) and Poshana (nourishment).
- They are 1) Rasa, 2) Rakta, 3) Mamsa, 4) Medas, 5) Ashti, 6) Majja and 7) Shukra.
- Ojas :
- The essence of Sapta Dhatu is Ojas.
- It is the most vital component of body, required for the maintenance of health.
- Destruction or loss of Ojas may lead to death.
- Trimala :
- Purisha (faecal matter)
- Mutra (urine)
- Sweda (sweat)
are the excretory elements of body.
- Triguna :
- 1) Sattwa, 2) Raja and 3) Tama are Triguna.
- Equilibrium state of these three is Prakruti
- Imbalance of these three causes Vikruti.
- Shat padartha: (CS.Su.11)
Samanya, 2) Vishesha, 3) Guna, 4) Dravya, 5) Karma, 6) Samvaya.
(Six Karana or Bhava padartha). - Rasadi Pancha Tattwa: (CS.Su.26)
1) Rasa, 2) Guna, 3) Virya, 4) Vipaka, 5) Prabhava are the five factors which are responsible for the action of Dravya. - Atma-Paramatma :
- Soul of any living being or human body is Atma or Jivatma or Chetana or Purusha or Panchavimshati Tattva or Rashi purusha or Chikitsya purusha or Karma purusha or Shad dhatwatmaka purusha etc.
- Paramatma is the God or Almighty or or Ishwara.
- Punarjanma and Moksha :
- Punarjanma or rebirth takes place only if balance of Karma exists.
- Moksha can be achieved when balance of Karma exhaust, it is known as Kaivalya or salvation (Not having Punarjanma).
- Traya-Upastambha (CS.Su.11)
1) Ahara
2) Nidra
3) Brahmacharya
- Trividha-Bala (strength) :
1) Sahaja Bala (Natural immunity)
2) Kalaja Bala (Seasonal strength or immunity)
3) Yuktikruta Bala (Acquired immunity).
- Tri-Ayatana :
1) Kala (season/ Rutu)
2) Artha (Indriyavishaya)
3) Karma (actions)
Their Samyak yoga is Aarogya (health) and Asamyak yoga is disease.
- Trividha Roga :
- Nija-Roga (due to vitiation of Dosha)
- Agantuja-Roga (due to external factors other than Dosha)
- Manas-Roga (due to vitiation of Raja and Tama Dosha).
- Tri Roga-Marga :
- Shakha (all Dhatu)
- Koshtha (viscera and gastro intestinal tract)
- Marma-ashthi and Sandhi.
- Trividha Aushadha: (CS.Su.11)
- Daivavyapashraya (Mantra, Japa, Tapa, etc)
- Yuktivyapashraya (medical treatments).
- Sattwavajaya (treating Manas Dosha).
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- Bahirparimarjana (external therapies)
- Antahparimarjana (Internal medications).
- Shastra-pranidhana (surgeries).
- Trayodasha Agni :
There are 13 types of agni.
They are as follows –
a) Pancha (5) Bhutagni
b) Sapta (7) Dhatwagni
c) One Jatharagni
- Dravya-Dwaividhya :
- Karana Dravyas: These are nine in number, they are Pancha Mahabhuta, Kala, Disha, Atma and Manas.
- Karya Dravya: Dravyas produced from Karana Dravya.
- Trividha Duhkha :
1) Adhyatmika Roga
2) Adhidaivika Roga
3) Adhibhautika Roga
- Pathya (Wholesome) and Apathya (unwholesome): (CS.Su.25)
- Pathya – Wholesome combinations (pathya or aviruddha) gives Aarogya
- Apathya – Unwholesome combinations (apathya or viruddha) causes Vyadhi
- Theory of Samanya & Vishesha: (CS.Su.1)
- Samanya is the cause of Vruddhi (increase)
- सामान्यमेकत्वकरं – Samanya is the cause of union or joining.
- तुल्यार्थता हि सामान्यं – it implies similarities or comparison
- Samanya means cause of aggravation with similar Ahara or Aushada., hence the theory is used in Kshaya of Dhatu or Dosha or Mala to increase them for equilibrium.
- Vishesha is the cause of Hrasa (decrease)
- विशेषस्तु पृथक्त्वकृत् – Vishesha is cause of separation or disintegration
- विशेषस्तु विपर्ययः – it implies dissimilarities or opposition
- Vishesha means cause of depletion with opposite Ahara or Aushada, hence the theory is used in Vruddhi of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala to reduce them for equilibrium.
- Theory of Swabhavoparamawada (CS.Su.16)
- According to this theory, the destruction of bodily tissue occurs naturally (Swabhavatah).
- It is also known as Kshanabhangurawada (CS.Su.1)
- Accepting Theism or orthodox philosophy: (CS.Su.11)
Believe God, Rebirth & Veda - Rogotpatti Siddhantas
- Relation of Rasa and Dosha: (CS.Sha.2 & CS.Su.1, AH.Su.1)
1) Madhura, Amla, Lavana- these Rasa are Vatahara (pacifies Vata Dosha)
2) Katu, Tikta, Kashaya- these Rasa are Kaphahara (pacifies Kapha Dosha)
3) Kashaya. Tikta, Madhura- these Rasa are Pittahara (pacifies Pitta Dosha)
- Dosha-dwaividhya: (CS.Su.1)
1) Sharira Dosha (Vata-Pitta-Kapha)
2) Manas Dosha (Raja-Tama)
- Trividhi Karma for Shashwatatva (eternity) of Ayurveda (CS.Su.30)
1) Anaditwa
2) Swabhava-samsiddha Lakshanatwa,
3) Bhava-swabhava Nityatwa.
- Trisutra of Ayurveda: (CS.Su.1)
1) Hetu
2) Linga
3) Aushadha
- Chaturvidha Purushartha (CS.Su.1)
1) Dharma, 2) Artha, 3) Kama, 4) Moksha are the four Purushartha of life. - Roga-adhishthana: (CS.Su.1)
There are two Roga Adhishthana : 1) Sharira, 2) Manas. - Definition of Ayurveda (CS.Su.1)
- Ayurveda is the science of Life.
- It is formed by the components of Sukhayu, Duhkhayu, Hitayu, Ahitayu.
- Ayurveda Prayojan (CS.Su.30)
1) Swasthya-rakshana (preventive)
2) Roga-shaman (curative)
Hence Ayurveda has wide meaning than Darshana.
- Ayurveda is Punyatama Veda (CS.Su.1)
- Naishtiki chikitsa (CS.Sha.1) – Treatment to control the Manas for health.
- Paramanuwada (CS.Sha.7) – Atomic theory for creation
- Chaturvidha Pramana (CS.Su.11)
- Pratyaksha
- Anumana
- Aptopadesh
- Yukti Pramana
- Chaturvimshati Purusha (CS.Su.25) – 24 principles of evolution.
- Pancha-vimshati Purusha: (Su.Sha.1) – 25 principles of evolution.
- Mokshopaya (Attaining salvation) (CS.Sha.1) – It is the ultimate aim of life.
- Control of Manas by yoga. (CS.Sha.3)
- Srushti-utpattikarana are as Swabhava, Ishwara, Kala, Yadruccha, Niyati, Parinama (Su.Sha.1)
- Indriyas are Bhautika (physical matter-produced from Mahabhuta)
- Theory of Kalaja (natural timely occurrence) & Akalaja Roga.
- Ayurveda has accepted the essence of all Darshana Shastra.
- Ayurveda gives the Aarogya or health in this world and salvation or Moksha in the other world (Iha and Para Sukhakara).
- Relation of Panchabhuta and Triguna :
- Sattva Guna = Akash + Agni + Jala
- Rajo Guna = Vayu + Agni
- Tamo Guna = Prithvi + Jala
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- Akasha – Sattva Guna
- Vayu – Rajo Guna
- Tejas – Sattva, Rajo Guna
- Jala – Sattva, Tamo Guna
- Prithvi – Tamo Guna
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- Relation of Panchabhuta and Tridosha :
- Vata = Vayu + Akash
- Pitta = Agni + Jala
- Kapha = Prithvi + Jala
- Relation of Rasa and Panchamahabhuta :
- Madhura (sweet) = Pruthvi + Jala
- Amla (sour) = Agni + Pruthvi
- Lavana (salt) = Jala + Agni
- Tikta (bitter) = Vayu + Akash
- Katu (pungent) = Agni + Vayu
- Kashaya (astringent) = Pruthvi + vayu
- Relation of Rasa and Tridosha :
- Madhura, Amla, Lavana – Vatahara, Kaphakara
- Katu, Tikta, Kashaya – Vatakara, kaphahara
- Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya – Pittahara
- Amla, Lavana, Katu – Pittakara
Like this, the science of Ayurveda contains several principles of own (Swatantra Darshana) and also accepted the essence of Sarva Darshana.
Hence Ayurveda is considered as unique & an independent Darshana.